(CNN) On August 6, 74 years ago, the United States dropped an atomic bomb in Hiroshima and killed more than 70,000 people immediately.Three days later, the second atomic bomb was dropped into Nagasaki and killed more than 40,000.
Until now, the United States is the only country that uses the atomic bomb in the war.The nuclear war led to the end of World War II, ending the worst chapter in the world history.
Looking back on how the site was dropped in Hiroshima.
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In 1945, when the atomic bomb was dropped, Hiroshima City had a population of 300,000 to 420,000.
The atomic bombing to Hiroshima was approved by the U.S. President Harry Truman at the time, and on August 6, 1945, the U.S. military B29 bomber "Enora Gay" dropped the atomic bomb called "Little Boy" code name.rice field.
The US research team, who participated in the Manhattan Plan, succeeded in the atomic bomb experiment in July 1945, after Nazi Germany surrendered.
President Truman had instructed the Advisory Committee, Chairman of the Army Henry Stimson, to determine whether the atomic bomb should be used.
"The committee at that time was almost in line with the views of the attack, and Stimson said that he should definitely use the atomic bomb."Sam Lashy, a specialist in the Truman President Library in Missouri, pointed out.
According to Professor Charles Mia, who teaches history at Harvard University, it was possible for President Truman to make a different decision, but he said, "Why do you use this weapon for more prolonged the war?It was difficult to make it
The atomic bomb was "considered to be a magical solution that would exempt from great pain" (Mia)
According to Mia, there was a concern that Japan at this time would not respond to unconditional surrender, and it would be not enough to show off the power of the atomic bomb.According to Rashay, scientists and the Deputy John Army of the Army of the Army have supported the strategy of exploding the atomic bomb in unmanned areas and showing them to surrender.
But President Truman and the military adviser were afraid of the invasion of Japan.
"In the battle between Iwo Jima and Okinawa, the Japanese Air Force and the Navy were so expensive in terms of victims in the United States and Japan," Lashy said."The U.S. Army Operation Headquarters was convinced that Japan would fight until he became the last one."
Mia says."Self -bomber attacks are no longer unusual in modern times, but the US military leadership was mentally impacted by the Japanese Kamikaze's suicide bomber at the time, and (Japan) decided that it would protect the country by mobilization."The US military hesitated to assert that he could win this war without the atomic bomb. "
There is a theory that historians could participate in the Soviet Union and encouraged the decision of the atomic bombing to end the war early.
There are four candidate sites for the atomic bombing target, and President Truman has left the army to the army.Hiroshima was chosen because of military importance.
At least 70,000 people were killed by the atomic bomb explosion, and 70,000 died due to the bombing."Due to long -term impact of cancer, there may have been a total of 200,000 or more in five years."The Ministry of Energy wrote on a site related to the Manhattan Plan.
On August 9, 1945, the United States dropped an atomic bomb in Nagasaki and killed up to 80,000.Japan accepted unconditional surrender on August 14.
There are many critical opinions for the atomic bombing that caused too miserable results.
In 1963, former President Dwight Eisenhower criticized the use of the atomic bomb in his memoir and pointed out that it was not necessary to surrender to Japan.
According to Mia, the atomic bomb of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, "I moved the Japanese emperor and intervened with the divided army and surrender supporters."However, Mire said that there may have been intended to end the war, depending on the conditions, such as guaranteeing the emperor's status.
Hiroshima City Council in 1958 did not feel a remorse for the use of the atomic bomb, and has adopted a protest statement resolution for the use of the atomic bomb, and has stated that it will continue to support the use. did.
"Hiroshima citizens should be a sublime duty to be the cornerstone of world peace, and for any reason, all countries in the world must repeat their mistakes in the use of nuclear weapons anywhere on the earth. Sure"
In the resolution, he accused Truman's attitude as saying, "It's no wonder that Hiroshima citizens and their victims are blaspheming."
写真特集：広島平和記念資料館In response to the protest statement, Truman sent a letter to Hiroshima City Council and replied, "I understand your citizens well. I will not feel uncomfortable with the resolution."
On top of that, Mr. Truman emphasized that the United States was surprised by the Japanese army's attack on Pearl Harbor, and deciding to drop two atomic bombings helped to prevent Japan's invasion, 25 US Alliance soldiers.He claims that everyone and 250,000 Japanese lives were saved.
"As a commander who ordered the attacking of the atomic bomb, we believe that the sacrifice of Hiroshima and Nagasaki had urgent need for the future prosperity of both Japan and allies."
According to a survey conducted by the Pu -Research Center, Public Polling Agency in 2015, only 14 % of Japanese responded that the atomic bombing could be justified, and 79 % could not justify.
Meanwhile, 85 % of the 1945 gallaps for Americans supported President Truman's decision.However, according to Pews in 2018, the number of Americans who answered that the use of nuclear weapons for Japan could be justified is reduced to 56 %.