TEXT_Takayuki Oguchi
Currently, the number of people going to movie theaters is decreasing due to the spread of online distribution and home theaters. In fact, according to a survey published by The Hollywood Reporter on March 13, 2015, ticket sales among audiences aged 25 to 39 were 9.9 million in 2012, but 710 in 2014. It means that the number has decreased to 10,000. That's a 30% drop in just two years.
Actually, this phenomenon is not the first time. It happened in the 1920s when radio appeared and in the 1950s when television spread rapidly. As a result, the film industry took countermeasures in the 1920s by constructing extravagant theaters called movie palaces and producing large-format films and two-color films. In the 1950s, 3D movies, Cinerama, Cinemascope, wide screens such as 70mm, and stereophonic sound were born.
And even now, movie theaters around the world are transforming at an unprecedented pace in order to regain the audience. Improvements being attempted there span all five senses, including sound, screen size and number, image dynamic range, frame rate, S3D (Stereoscopic 3D), 4D, and more. And just as "Avatar" in 2009 promoted the spread of digital projectors and 3D projection systems at once, each box office chain was released in line with the release of "Star Wars: The Force Awakens" on December 18 (Friday) last year. , are competing to introduce the latest theater systems. We are now in an unprecedented age of movie theater warring states. Although the preamble has become long, in this article, I will introduce information on the latest movie theater screening systems that the audience, as well as the producers and creators, should know, including systems that have not yet been introduced in Japan. go.
Surround in movie theaters refers to a sound system having more channels than stereo. The first surround sound system was the "Fantasound" system, which was tested in eight US theaters in the 1940 Disney film Fantasia. Developed in cooperation with RCA, an independent 35mm cinetape (a magnetic tape with the same width as the film and with the same perforations) has 3 front channels (left, center, right) and 4 tracks, a control track. was recorded.
The sound of the widescreen system "Cinerama" developed in 1952 was simultaneously recorded in 6 channels (5 front channels + 1 surround channel) and dubbed to 7 tracks (6 sound channels + control track) of 35mm cine tape. . The playback equipment was a mechanism to synchronize with the three projectors, requiring a dedicated operator. Kinopanorama, developed in the Soviet Union in 1956 to compete with Cinerama, uses nine-track cinetapes. All were for sound, with 5 front channels, 1 left wall channel, 1 right wall channel, 1 rear wall channel, and 1 ceiling channel. In the "Cinemascope" developed in 1953 to compete with Cinerama, the 35mm film itself was provided with a 3ch stereo magnetic track, and the following year it was added with a 4ch surround track. Similarly, "Todd-AO", which was born in 1955 as an anti-Cinerama, provided 6 magnetic tracks on 70mm film and realized 6 channels (5 front channels + 1 surround channel) using only a projector.
In the 1970s, there was a 4ch stereo boom in home audio, and each manufacturer competed with its own technology. Sansui Denki's "QS Matrix", one of the companies, was applied in 1975 for the "Quintaphonic Sound" of the British rock opera film "Tommy". This was to use only 3 optical tracks of 35mm film and separate them into 5 channels (3 front channels + 2 rear channels) through a QS decoder. This Sansui Denki QS matrix circuit was also adopted by U.S. dollar Bee Laboratories, and was announced in 1975 as "Dolby Stereo." Only the front 3ch was used in the movie "Ristomania" (1975), and a surround 1ch was added in "A Star is Born" (1976). It became popular all over the world with "Star Wars" (1977), and from 1979 it began to use its own developed matrix circuit.
In 1988, the "IMAX Digital Sound System" appears. Developed by Sonics Associates (acquired by IMAX in 1999), this was linked to a 70mm 15P film projector and played 6ch sound from 3 audio CD-ROM players. was. By the way, Sonix Associates also developed a binaural sound system "IMAX PSE" (IMAX Personal Sound Environment) for IMAX theaters in 1993, but it was not used because the corresponding work did not appear.
In 1990, Digital Theater Systems (currently DATASAT) of the United States announced "dts" for general theaters. This is also a method of synchronizing audio CD-ROMs with 35mm film and presenting a total of 5.1 channels (3 front channels + 2 surround channels + subwoofer), first used in "Jurassic Park" (1993).
"Batman Returns" (1992), released the year before, uses Dolby's digital recording standard "Dolby SRD". The configuration consisted of 3 front channels + 2 surround channels + subwoofer (0.1ch) for a total of 5.1 channels, and data was recorded between perforations. In 1993's "Last Action Hero", the digital compression recording standard "SDDS" (Sony Dynamic Digital Sound) jointly developed by Sony and Sony Pictures Entertainment was adopted. A total of 8 channels of sound data, 5 front channels (left, center left, center, center right, right) + 2 surround channels (left, right) + subwoofer, are recorded at both ends of the film.
From "Star Wars Episode 1/Phantom Menace" (1999), "Dolby SRD-EX" which extended Dolby SRD appears. As a result, the surround became 3ch, and the total became 6.1ch. Rival dts then announced the 6.1ch "dts-ES" in the same year, which was used for the first time in "Haunting" (1999). Furthermore, in "Toy Story 3" (2010), the digital cinema standard "Dolby Surround 7.1" was adopted, and the surround became 4 channels, left, rear left, rear right, and right, for a total of 7.1 channels. In this way, sound in movie theaters has developed by gradually increasing the number of channels in the horizontal direction. Recently, however, the introduction of a new method that adds a sound field in the height direction to this is becoming popular. This made it possible to accurately describe the movement of sound and its localization in space.
1-1. Auro-3D (Auro11.1) A three-dimensional sound system developed by the Belgian company Barco in 2005 and introduced to theaters in 2011. 11.1ch expresses the three-layered surround sound field, which is the conventional horizontal layer plus the height (upper layer) and overhead (ceiling). The first film to introduce this format is Red Tails (unreleased in Japan, 2012) produced by Lucasfilm. In domestic movie theaters, ADMIX Theater of "Cinemax Tsukuba" and "Anjo Corona Cinema World" have adopted it.
"Auro-3D"
1-2. imm sound Developed in 2010 by Spanish company imm sound. The sound is recorded separately from 14.1 to 23.1ch, and the surrounding sounds are faithfully reproduced by speakers placed throughout the theater, including the ceiling. It has been adopted mainly in Europe, South America, and the United States, and has been installed in the Amazing Sound Theater of "Cinema Sunshine Heiwajima" in Japan. Now that imm sound has been bought by Dolby, there are no more new introduction theaters.
1-3. Dolby Atmos A system announced in 2012 by Dolby Laboratories. Acoustic data is composed of a combination of static elements called "beds" and "objects" with position and time information, making it possible to arrange and move sounds in a specific space. There are no channel restrictions, and it is possible to express the sound as if it were flying over the audience's head.
Dolby Atmos
More than 1,200 screens have been introduced worldwide, including "TOHO Cinemas LaLaport Funabashi", "AEON Cinema Makuhari Shintoshin", "Cinema Sunshine Heiwajima", "TOHO Cinemas Roppongi Hills", and "TOHO Cinemas Nihonbashi" in Japan. , "TOHO Cinemas Shinjuku", "US Cinema Kisarazu", "TOHO Cinemas LaLaport Fujimi", "AEON Cinema Nagoya Chaya", "TOHO Cinemas Kuzuha Mall", "AEON Cinema Kyoto Katsuragawa", "Earth Cinemas Himeji", "AEON Cinema" Wakayama”, “AEON Cinema Okayama”, “TOHO Cinemas Amu Plaza Oita”, and “Cinema Sunshine Shimonoseki”. It will also be installed in "TOHO Cinemas Umeda" on December 5, 2015.
1-4. IMAX Immersive Sound System Added The next-generation sound system announced by IMAX Corporation in 2014. The conventional IMAX system used the Sonics Associates 6ch system for both film and digital, but the newly developed system has 12.1ch, with 12 independent channels plus a sub-bus. Domestic theaters that have adopted it include ``TOHO Cinemas Shinjuku'', ``109 Cinemas Futako Tamagawa'', ``109 Cinemas Osaka Expocity'', and ``Higashi Ikebukuro 1-chome New Cinema Complex Project (tentative name)'' (scheduled to open in 2017). will also be introduced.
From here on, we will introduce not only the current mainstream, but also the new systems that have emerged from the perspective of large screens.
2-1. IMAX Right now, the biggest star in the world's cinema system is IMAX. For the 1970 Japan World Expo and the Fuji Group Pavilion, a 70mm 15 perforation (the number of holes in the film. The larger the number, the larger the film area, and the higher the resolution and graininess. Hereinafter abbreviated as P). We have developed an "IMAX system" that projects 2D onto a huge flat screen using a film (below) that is 10 times the area of the film. Canada's MultiScreen changed its name to IMAX Systems Corporation (currently IMAX Corporation), and continued to provide systems and content for expositions, theme parks, and public educational facilities around the world.
Comparison of film sizes. Normal movies are 35mm 4-perf. IMAX is 70mm 15-perf (image provided by Japan Large Screen Association/IMAGICA)
Furthermore, in 1973, "OMNIMAX" (currently called IMAX DOME), which projects 2D images onto a dome screen using a fisheye lens, appeared. Next, in 1985, at the Fujitsu Pavilion at the Tsukuba Expo, a 3D image "OMNIMAX 3D" using the anaglyph method was displayed. At the 1986 Canada Traffic Expo Canada Pavilion, there was a large 3D image "IMAX 3D" with a flat screen and linearly polarized glasses. At the Osaka Flower Expo in 1990, the Fujitsu Pavilion displayed a full-color stereoscopic 3D image "IMAX SOLIDO", and the Sanwa Midori Pavilion displayed a 2D projected "IMAX Magic Carpet" on two screens, one on the front and the other on the floor. In 1991, the "IMAX Simulator Ride", a combination of OMNIMAX and motion base, was held at Universal Studios, Orlando. Various variations were installed at the 1992 Seville Expo Canada Pavilion, such as the "IMAX HD," which filmed and projected in 2D at 48 fps, double the normal rate.
Film-type IMAX 3D projector not currently in operation in Japan (taken at Suntory Museum [Tempozan])
In the latter half of the 90s, the number of cases where IMAX theaters were installed in cinema complexes increased. However, with 70mm 15P film, production costs are enormous, and for the theater side, it is reflected in printing costs, film transport and storage costs, and theater management costs. The cost of printing one IMAX film for a feature film is between $20,000 and $25,000, and an IMAX 3D work costs as much as $45,000 as it requires two L/R prints. For this reason, new films could not be shown as frequently as 35mm films, and the same software tended to be screened endlessly.
After that, in Japan, all IMAX theaters with cinema complexes were closed, and the facilities that still use 70mm 15P film screening equipment are "Tokorozawa Aviation Museum" (IMAX 2D), "Saitama City Space Theater” (IMAX DOME), “Hamaoka Nuclear Museum” (IMAX DOME), “Nagoya Port Aquarium” (IMAX 2D), “Kagoshima City Science Museum” and Universal Studios Japan “Back to the Future the Ride (IMAX Simulator Ride) and Space World's "Galaxy Theater" (IMAX 2D) theme park attractions.
2-2. IMAX Digital Theater IMAX, in response to requests from IMAX theaters with cinema complexes, changed the content form of only short documentaries so far, and took on the challenge of projecting normal feature films with IMAX projectors. Then, the 35mm film is scanned at 8K, digitally enhanced (removing grain, improving sharpness, color correction, removing scratches and dust, etc.), and recording onto a 65mm (70mm print) 15P negative. In 2002, we demonstrated that the same image quality as an IMAX camera could be obtained from the beginning, and gave this technology the name IMAX DMR (Digital re-Mastered Release).
Furthermore, in 2008, they announced the IMAX digital theater system. It uses two DLP Cinema projectors instead of the conventional 70mm 15P film, achieving a significant cost reduction while maintaining image quality to some extent. And this system has a great advantage when showing in 3D. Two projectors each specialize in LR images, always emitting light at the same time. As a result, the screen is more than twice as bright as an active stereo single-projector 3D system that emits light by switching between LR. The screen is based on 3D projection, so a silver screen is used, and the glasses filter uses linear polarization.
IMAX Digital Theater System
This IMAX digital theater began being introduced in Japan in 2009, and is currently being used at ``United Cinemas Sapporo'', ``Cinema Sunshine Tsuchiura'', ``109 Cinemas Shobu'', ``United Cinemas Urawa'', and ``109 Cinemas Granbury''. Mall", "United Cinemas Toshimaen", "TOHO Cinemas Shinjuku", "109 Cinemas Kiba", "109 Cinemas Futakotamagawa", "109 Cinemas Shonan", "109 Cinemas Kawasaki", "United Cinemas Toyohashi 18", " 109 Cinemas Nagoya", "109 Cinemas Minoh", "United Cinemas Kishiwada", "Cinema Sunshine Yamatokoriyama", "Fukuyama Egal 8 Cinemas", "Cinema Sunshine Kinuyama", "United Cinemas Canal City 13", "TOHO Cinemas Nijo" ”, etc., are in operation, and it has been decided to introduce them to 9 TOHO Cinemas. These are basically built into the cinema complex. However, "Narita HUMAX Cinemas" is building a building dedicated to the IMAX digital theater.
2-3. Next-generation IMAX (IMAX with Laser) Many of the IMAX digital theaters have adopted the format of remodeling the existing cinema complex, so there were many cases where only a small screen size could be secured. Also, due to the use of a 2K DLP Cinema projector, the resolution is limited compared to the 70mm 15P film format. Therefore, in the United States, there were also voices ridiculing it as "Liemax" (meaning fake IMAX).
To address this issue, IMAX acquired over 120 patents for laser projectors owned by Kodak in 2011, and completed the next-generation IMAX system in 2015 with Barco. The resolution is 4K, so it can be used with large screens, and the speckle noise that was a drawback of lasers is completely absent. In addition, the contrast and rich colors unique to the RGB laser light source are realized. In the future, we plan to comply with the ITU-R recommendation BT.2020, a wide color gamut international standard for UHD (4K/8K), and will use it from Disney's "The Jungle Book" (2016). It means that it is scheduled to be done.
Of course, it also supports S3D, but because it is a twin projector type, even if you wear 3D glasses, you can achieve almost the same brightness as with the naked eye. With such a bright screen, the existence of the 3D glasses is strangely unnoticeable, there is no disturbing crosstalk at all, and even images with the same amount of parallax give a clearer three-dimensional effect. By the way, the screen brightness recommended by DCI (Digital Cinema Initiatives) is 14 foot-lamberts, but most S3D projections are currently performed at 3-4 foot-lamberts, and even an ideal theater has only 5-6 foot-lamberts. . Therefore, if S3D projection can be projected at 14 foot-lamberts, it is thought that it will be possible to eliminate the difficulty of viewing and the lack of stereoscopic effect that are seen in conventional S3D movies. The next-generation IMAX system achieves a peak brightness of 22 foot-lamberts.
The first next-generation IMAX system was unveiled in March 2015 at "Scotiabank Toronto & IMAX" in Toronto operated by Cineplex. "TCL Chinese Theaters IMAX", "Boeing IMAX, Pacific Science Center", "Airbus IMAX, Stephen F. Udvar-Hazy Center", "Sunbrella IMAX 3D Theater, Jordan's Furniture Reading", "Empire Leicester Square IMAX", "VOX Cinemas & In Japan, it was unveiled at "109 Cinemas Osaka Expocity" which opened on November 19, 2015 (Thursday) in Suita City, Osaka Prefecture. The screen is 26m wide x 18m long, which is about the same size as a film IMAX theater. It will also be installed in the Higashi-Ikebukuro 1-chome New Cinema Complex Project (provisional name), which is scheduled to open in 2017.
The next-generation IMAX theater at the Higashi-Ikebukuro 1-chome New Cinema Complex Project (tentative name)
Using three 35mm projectors in a theater system that was all the rage in the 1950s, an arc with a horizontal angle of view of 146° (based on the center seat in the front row) There was a "cinerama" to show on the screen. Due to its high immersive effect, it has created a great response all over the world, and permanent museums have been built one after another in various places. Unfortunately, however, the system's complexity and cost plague it, and it loses its place to simpler cinemascopes and 70mm film. Recently, however, systems that can be called "21st century Cinerama" using digital projection technology have appeared one after another.
3-1. Barco Escape Theater system released by Barco in 2014. This system uses three DCI-compliant digital cinema projectors to project onto three screens with a horizontal angle of view of 270°. The first film was 20th Century Fox's "Maze Runner" (2014), which was screened at 5 cinemas in the US "Cinemark" and 2 in Belgium "Kinepolis". 10 minutes were projected at an aspect ratio of 5.95:1.
Barco Escape Theater
Following this success, 20th Century Fox has signed a five-year deal with Barco to continue working on escape-related films. And in the sequel "Maze Runner 2: Desert Labyrinth" (2015), more than 20 theaters including "Cinépolis Bucareli" in Mexico were supported, and 20 minutes in the play was screened on three screens.
Currently, "Lincoln Square Cinemas", "Cinema West - Village Cinema", "Cinema West - Palladio 16 Cinemas", "Cinemagic Hollywood 12 Theaters", "Roxy Stadium 14", "Century at Pacific Commons and XD" , "Camera 12 Cinema", "United Artists Sierra Vista 6", "Cinemark Legacy and XD", "Santikos Palladium IMAX-San Antonio" (http://www.santikos.com/locations/theatre?house_id=10367), "Santikos Silverado 16-San Antonio", "Santikos Silverado IMAX-Tomball", "Santikos Palladium AVX-West Houston", "Cinépolis Bucareli", "Kinepolis Antwerpen" and "Kinepolis Kortrijk".
In order to increase the number of compatible theaters in the future, it is necessary to continuously introduce works that adopt this method. So Barco added producer Jerry Bruckheimer, of Pirates of the Caribbean fame, to Escape's advisory board. Bruckheimer has pledged to support the Escape format for previous movies he produced, as well as new upcoming movies.
Barco is also actively advocating a multi-screen presentation that projects separate images onto the three escape screens. At the Cinequest Film Festival in San Jose in February 2015, director Vijay Rajan's Withdrawal, which depicts a heroin-addicted daughter and her father from multiple perspectives, and Escape to Burning Man, Lady Gaga and Tony Bennett In Concert, and several other multi-screen shorts for escape were screened. In my opinion, this system is currently not as popular or well known as other systems. Therefore, by projecting all three screens in 3D, it seems that a huge cave-like three-dimensional space will be created in the entire theater, which will bring about an immersive experience that far transcends conventional movie theaters. The possibility of realization is quite conceivable.
3-2. A multi-projection system jointly developed with KAIST University since 2012 by CJ CGV, Korea's largest entertainment chain operated by the Screen XCJ Group. The structure of using three DCI-compliant digital cinema projectors (manufactured by Christie Digital Systems) and projecting at 270 degrees onto a three-sided screen is common to the Barco Escape. The first corresponding work was the short "The X" (2013), and in 2015, three feature films "Coinlocker Girl", "Odysseo" and "검은 사제들 (The Priests)" were also made. . He signed a contract with Wanda Group in China and adopted it for the Chinese blockbuster fantasy "The Ghouls" (2015). Currently, 46 theaters and 79 screens are in operation, and in addition to South Korea, there are locations in Los Angeles, Las Vegas, and Bangkok. CJ CGV plans to introduce 1,000 screens worldwide by 2020.
Screen X Theater
In terms of image quality, resolutions such as 4K and 8K tend to attract attention. But there are many other things that need to be improved. The representative of this is the problem of dynamic range and frame rate, and finally these elements have begun to be addressed.
4-1. Dolby Cinema A next-generation cinema system announced by Dolby Laboratories in 2015. It combines Dolby Vision, a high-definition technology that greatly expands the peak brightness, contrast, and color gamut of the screen, and Dolby Atmos for sound. The company also designed the theater as a whole, including walls, entrances, seats, and screens. Content compatible with Dolby Cinema has so far been "Tomorrowland", "Inside Out", "California Down", "Pixels", "Mission: Impossible / Rogue Nation", "Everest", "The Hunger Games Final: Revolution", "The Perfect Guy, Maze Runner 2: The Desert Labyrinth, Odyssey, PAN: Neverland, The Beginning of a Dream, Star Wars: The Force Awakens, and Battle with the White Whale.
Dolby Cinema Theater
First of all, this system has been adopted by AMC Theaters, an American box office chain, and is operating in 10 theaters as the company's top PLF "DOLBY CINEMA at AMC PRIME". It has also been introduced at ``JT Hilversum'' and ``JT Eindhoven'' in the Netherlands, ``Cinesa La Maquinista'' in Barcelona, Spain, and ``Cineplexx Linz'' in Linz, Austria.
4-2. The frame rate of high frame rate (HFR) motion picture film was roughly "nearly 16fps" in the silent era, but Stanley Watkins of Western Electric has developed a projector and a phonograph. Feeling the need to strictly standardize the projection speed for the synchronous sound-on-disc talkie system "Vitaphone", in 1926, 24 fps, which was 1.5 times the conventional frame rate, was introduced. Standard value.
By the way, the rotary shutter used in film-type movie cameras is made by mechanically rotating two semi-circular plates stacked on top of each other. The area of the opening changes depending on the angle formed by these two shots. If the opening angle is narrowed, more light is required, but moving subjects can be sharply captured as if the shutter speed of a still camera were increased. However, when this is projected, a phenomenon called strobing occurs, in which multiple fast-moving arms appear to appear, and jerky movements called judder occur. On the other hand, if the opening angle is widened, it can handle less light and the movement becomes smoother, but this time, motion blur becomes noticeable and the image loses its sharpness.
In 1974, film director/VFX supervisor Douglas Trumbull prepared films with various filming speeds, and used them to record brain waves, electrocardiograms, electromyograms, and skin reactions of subjects. measurement. Based on the results, we developed the SHOWSCAN system [Fig. 11], which shoots and projects 70mm 5P film at 60fps. In order to commercialize this, Showscan Film Corporation was established in 1985 and used for exposition images and simulation rides. However, when used in narrative films, the illusion that kept the audience's mind in the world of fiction disappears, and it looks excessively raw. As a result, the set looks like a set, the wig looks like a wig, and the make-up looks like make-up. Trumbull withdrew from the field in 1989.
In 1992, Canadian company IMAX developed an IMAX HD system that filmed and projected at 48fps for Momentum in the Seville Expo and Canada Pavilion. However, due to the high cost of production and operation, it was only used in three works in total. Twenty years later, Peter Jackson directed the trilogy The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey (2012), The Hobbit: The Battle of the Dead (2014), and The Hobbit: A Kingdom Taken by Dragons (2013). was digitally shot at 48fps in S3D. These films are screened in S3D at 48fps in theaters equipped with HFR-compatible Integrated Media Blocks (IMB). However, many of the audience seemed to have the impression that it was like a TV drama recorded in a studio. In other words, just like the show scan, the excessive reality has emphasized the theatrical feeling. But I was impressed with how well I could distinguish individuals, even in fast-moving mob scenes that would normally be obscured by motion blur. In addition, stereoscopic vision is facilitated because the outline of the subject is sharpened.
4-3.120fps Later, in 2010, Trumbull began working on HFR technology again, under the name of Showscan Digital. It is now called "MAGI" (pronounced Majai). Basically, it creates 48fps, 60fps, and 120fps images based on 4K, 120fps digital S3D images. Regarding the texture of movement, the subject is analyzed for each shot, and the frame rate is freely changed between 24 and 120 fps. Furthermore, a method of converting only objects that move violently into HFR even on the same screen is being studied. The first film to use this technique was Trumbull's short UFOTOG (2014).
UFOTOG Trailer
I don't know if it's the same system as MAGI, but in Ang Lee's Sino-American-British co-production "Billy Lynn's Long Halftime Walk," which satirizes the Iraq War in production, 4K and native S3D are used in addition to 4K and native S3D. Digital shooting at 120fps. Sony CineAlta F65 is used for the camera, and the US release is scheduled for November 11, 2016.
There is also information that 60fps will be used in the French-American-Denmark horror movie "The Neon Demon" (2016) directed by Nicolas Winding Refn. Furthermore, currently, director James Cameron is working on "Avatar 2" (scheduled to be released in late 2017), which is also considering adopting HFR 3D, so depending on the effect, explosive spread can be expected.
In terms of equipment, Christie has released 4K projectors "Mirage 304K", "Mirage 4K35" and "Mirage 4K25" that support 120fps (120Hz). In the world of television, NHK is currently researching and developing Super Hi-Vision, and in addition to 59.94p and 60p, the frame rate of 120p has also been standardized. However, with HFR, the amount of time required for data management, VFX, and CG rendering increases as the number of frames increases. This is a big problem for compositing that requires rotoscoping and manual processes for 2D/3D conversion. Therefore, there is no doubt that at present, unless it is a work with a large budget to some extent, it is a technique that is unaffordable. But eventually, as computers get faster and storage capacities increase, it may gradually become commonplace.
Influenced by the success of the IMAX digital theater, each entertainment chain has developed a special large screen format under its own brand. I started. According to Film Journal International (Oct 28, 2015), by the end of 2014, there were 1,623 screens worldwide, with remarkable growth in the Asia-Pacific region. Here are some representative examples.
5-1. AMC ETX / DOLBY CINEMA at AMC PRIME "AMC ETX (Enhanced Theater eXperience)" is a PLF introduced in February 2012 by "AMC", the second largest entertainment chain in the United States. It features a 4K projector and a 12ch surround sound system (currently Dolby Atmos). Currently "AMC Metreon 16", "AMC Ontario Mills 30", "AMC Orange 30", "AMC Flatiron Crossing 14", "AMC Aventura 24", "AMC Disney Springs 24 with Dine-in Theaters", "AMC Randhurst 12" , AMC Garden State 16, AMC NorthPark 15, AMC Tysons Corner 16, and AMC Loews Alderwood Mall 16. In September 2012, AMC was acquired by China's Wanda Group for $2.6 billion (approximately ¥208 billion). As a result, Wanda Group became the world's largest entertainment chain, and AMC was able to develop it with abundant funds.
And "DOLBY CINEMA at AMC PRIME", which began to be introduced in 2015, is a system where you can enjoy Dolby Cinema screenings with a 4K laser projector in luxurious seats equipped with seat transducers and power reclining seats.
"DOLBY CINEMA at AMC PRIME" logo
Currently, "AMC Burbank 16", "AMC North Point Mall 12", "AMC Hawthorn 12", "AMC Town Center 20", "AMC BarryWoods 24", "AMC Empire 25", "AMC Deerbrook 24", In addition to being installed at "AMC Village on the Parkway 9", it has also been decided to install it at "AMC Century City 15" and "AMC Willowbrook 24".
5-2. PLF has been developed since 2014 by RealD, which provides the LUXES3D projection system. Using two projectors, 2D has a DCI recommended brightness of 14 footlamberts, and S3D has a brightness of at least 6 footlamberts. Of course, the 3D glasses use RealD's circular polarization method, but the screen is a Precision White screen that was specially developed to prevent unevenness (brightness reduction at both ends of the screen) even during 2D projection. Screen) is adopted. This is a screen that is halfway between silver and white, designed to suppress diffused reflection and prevent loss of polarization information, and has a width of at least 16mm and extends from the ceiling to the floor.
"LUXE" Theater
Currently Russia's "Karo Reutov", "Karo Vegas 22", "Karo Schuka", "Karo Aviapark", "Cinema Park", "Kinomax Ural", "Mori Cinema Kuntsevo", Bulgaria's "Cinemas Arena Sofia" West", and in operation at "Tianjin Baili Palace Shadow City" in China. In the future, it has been decided to introduce it to one theater in Russia and two theaters in China.
5-3. RPX (Regal Premium Experience) PLF of "Regal Cinemas", one of the brands of "Regal Entertainment Group", the largest box office chain in the United States. A wall full of silver screens. Luxurious seats. 40 speakers. Features include 3D projection with a double-stack Christie 4K digital projector. Currently installed in 87 buildings.
"RPX" Theater
5-4. Cinemark XD The PLF of Cinemark Theaters, the third largest box office chain in the United States. A wall full of silver screens. Brand new luxury seats. Custom made JBL sound system. A digital projection system using Barco projectors. It features 3D by RealD. Installed in 114 museums (including 2 unopened museums).
Cinemark XD Theater
5-5. Big DPLF has been developed since 2013 by Carmike Cinemas, the fourth largest box office chain in the United States. Currently installed on 26 screens. A 24m wide x 10m high screen that fills the entire wall. 4-way speakers and 7.1ch custom QSC digital surround system. Features include Christie's 2D/3D digital projector.
"Big D" Theater
5-6. PLF has been operated since 2013 by Santikos Theaters, an entertainment chain operating in San Antonio and Houston, AVX. It features a wall-to-wall screen, digital projection with a 4K projector, and Dolby Atmos. Installed in "Santikos Palladium IMAX -San Antonio", "Santikos Silverado 16-San Antonio", "Santikos Mayan Palace 14", "Santikos Silverado IMAX-Tomball" and "Santikos Palladium AVX-West Houston".
AVX Theater at Santikos Palladium IMAX -San Antonio
5-7. China Film Giant Screen (CFGS) A PLF developed in 2012 by the China Film Research Institute (China Film Research Institute) and Zhong Shadow Group (Chinese Film Group). It was originally called DMax (Digital Max). Proprietary mastering technology. S3D projection system using two Barco DP2K-32B digital projectors (stacking the same screen when projecting 2D). 20m x 12m, silver screen with a gain of 2.4. Surround compatible with 5.1, 7.1, 9.1, 11.1, 13.1ch systems, etc. It features luxurious seats and the license is free. Currently installed on 73 screens.
"Chinese Big Screen" Theater
5-8. PLF of "Wanda Cinemas" developed in China by X-Land Wanda Group. It features a large screen, digital projection with a 4K projector, and Dolby Atmos. Regarding 3D projection, we have signed an agreement with RealD of the United States and have adopted a quality control program called RealD 6FL Certification, which is the first in Asia to receive regular checkups to ensure that the brightness is always 6 foot-lamberts or higher. Currently installed on 37 screens.
"Wanda Shadow Castle" Theater
5-9. PolymaxPolymax is the PLF of Poly International Cinema, a theater operated by Poly Film Investment Co., Ltd. "Poly Shadow Industry Investment Co., Ltd." is a wholly owned subsidiary of "Poly Culture Group Corporation Limited", the cultural business field of the corporate group "China Poly Group Corporation". . Basically, two Barco DP4K-32B projectors are used for projection, and Barco or Christie's laser projectors can also be used. In addition to the in-house developed 13.1ch surround sound, it also supports Dolby Atmos and Auro11.1. The screen size is 18m wide. It is currently installed on 14 screens, with plans to expand to 30 theaters over the next three years.
Poly International Shadow City Shanghai Xiangteng Branch
5-10. UltraAVX PLF developed by Cineplex Inc., headquartered in Toronto and operating 162 theaters across Canada. Features include large screens, Dolby Atmos and plush seating. Currently installed on 26 screens.
"UltraAVX" Theater
5-11. PLF of the box office chain "Kinepolis", which owns 35 theaters in Europe, including France, Holland, Spain, Poland, Switzerland, mainly in Laser Ultra Belgium. Features include Barco's 4K laser projector digital projection and Dolby Atmos. Currently installed on 9 screens.
"Laser Ultra" logo
5-12. VueXtreme PLF of UK's "Vue International", Europe's largest box office chain. Currently installed on 12 screens.
"VueXtreme" logo
5-13. PLF of "Village Cinemas", a box office chain that operates in Singapore and the United States, mainly in Vmax Australia. It features a screen with a maximum width of 28m (Village Cinemas Knox) and luxurious seats. Currently operating at Village Cinemas Crown, Village Cinemas Doncaster, Village Cinemas Fountain Gate, Village Cinemas Jam Factory, Village Cinemas Knox, Village Cinemas Southland, and Village Cinemas Karingal.
"Vmax" Theater
5-14. CinemeXtremo PLF of Mexican box office chain "Cinemex". Features include large screens, Dolby Atmos and plush seating. Currently installed in "Cinemex Boulevares Querétaro", "Cinemex Santa Fe" and "Cinemex Mundo E".
5-15. ADMIX "Cinemax Tsukuba" introduced in 2013. A wall full of silver screens. Auro 11.1. Adopt RealD XL. It also supports 4K and high frame rates.
HP of "ADMIX"
5-16. PLF, which TCX "TOHO Cinemas" has been introducing since 2013. It features a wall-filled screen that is about 120% larger than a theater with the same number of seats, and a dark sheet that reduces the reflection of light.
"TOHO Cinemas Ichihara", "TOHO Cinemas Kuzuha Mall", "TOHO Cinemas Nihonbashi", "TOHO Cinemas Shinjuku", "TOHO Cinemas Roppongi Hills", "TOHO Cinemas LaLaport Funabashi", "TOHO Cinemas LaLaport Fujimi", " Installed at TOHO Cinemas Amu Plaza Oita.
5-17. Developed in 2010 by ULTIRA, the former "Warner Mycal" (currently "AEON Cinema"). It is a combination of a wall-filled silver screen, 4-way stereophonic sound with high, mid-high, mid-low, and low frequencies, and RealD 3D images.
Ultira Theater
Currently, "Aeon Cinema Makuhari Shintoshin", "Aeon Cinema Kasukabe", "Aeon Cinema Kohoku New Town", "Aeon Cinema Odaka", "Aeon Cinema Nagoya Chaya", "Aeon Cinema Wakayama", "Aeon Cinema" Kyoto Katsuragawa” and “AEON Cinema Okayama”.
S3D (stereoscopic vision) seems to have calmed down after a while, but new technology is about to be born here as well.
6-1. RealD Founded in the United States in 2003, RealD aimed at business using S3D technology. In 2005, it acquired Stereo Graphics, which holds numerous patents in this field. One of the technologies that Stereographics had was the "Z screen". This had a structure in which a liquid crystal capable of high-speed switching was sandwiched between a linear polarizing plate and a quarter-wave plate, making it possible to switch the passing light between right-handed circularly polarized light and left-handed circularly polarized light. . Combining this with a DLP cinema projector enables an S3D projection system for movie theaters with a single projector. With a switching frequency of 144 Hz and a triple flash system that projects 24 fps frames three times alternately on the left and right sides, flicker is almost imperceptible. Light efficiency is about 15%.
DLP Cinema projector with Z screen
RealD's system spread smoothly, and about 5,000 screens around the world were showing S3D in RealD format for "Avatar" in 2009. Currently, it has reached 26,500 screens worldwide, making it the most popular S3D system. In Japan, 83 "AEON Cinema", 22 "United Cinema", 6 "Corona Cinema World", 3 "TOHO Cinemas", "Forum Hachinohe", "Cinemax Chiharadai", "Cinecitizet" ”, “Cine Plaza Santo Moon”, “Cine Mic Spiari”, “Shinagawa Prince Cinema”, etc.
And in 2011, the company announced the "RealD XL" system in order to achieve sufficient brightness even on large screens such as PLF. It uses two Z-screens to split the beam into a primary path and a secondary path that recycles the rejected light (traditionally released as heat), improving light efficiency to 28%. As a result, the width of the screen, which was previously limited to 13.7m, can now be expanded to 20m or more.
RealD XL System
In Japan, it has been introduced at "United Cinemas Toyosu" and "Cinemax Tsukuba". In the same year, the company also announced the "RealD XLW" system, which uses two RealD XL projectors to project images. Family of Museums), etc. In addition, we are also developing LUXE, which handles the design of the entire theater, and image quality improvement software TrueImage. The company was acquired by investment fund Rizvi Traverse Management in November 2015, but RealD founder Michael V. Lewis continues to serve as CEO.
6-2. Sony Digital Cinema 3D Equipped with one 4K projector "SRX-R515P" or "SRX-R320" using Sony's reflective liquid crystal device SXRD (Silicon X-tal Reflective Display) and a circular polarizing filter provided by RealD A system that combines a 3D projection lens unit with The 4K liquid crystal is divided into upper and lower parts, and the left and right images are assigned to each of them using a top-and-bottom method to project each image at 2K (2048 x 858 pixels). Flicker does not occur because there is no need to switch between left and right like active stereo.
In Japan, it is used in 15 theaters of "TOHO Cinemas", 3 theaters of "109 Cinemas", and "Sapporo Cinema Frontier".
6-3. Master Image A system developed in 2006 by Master Image in Korea and KDC Information Communication. In front of the lens of a single DLP Cinema projector, the sound is passed through a circular polarizing filter that mechanically rotates 4,320 times per minute, converting active stereo with a drive frequency of 144 Hz into passive stereo and projecting it onto a silver screen. First, it was adopted in 14 theaters of CJ CGV in South Korea, and then spread to Asian regions such as Hong Kong, Taiwan, India, and the Philippines.
Currently, it operates on more than 8,200 screens in 100 countries. Sunshine Yamatokoriyama", "Cinema Sunshine Okaido", "Dinos Cinemas Asahikawa", "Forum Morioka", "Central Movie Theater", "Yamagata Forum Solaris", "Cinecitta", "Sinex Margo", "Gyst Cinema Wakayama", etc. used for
Currently, the company's main product is "MI-WAVE3D," which uses a liquid crystal polarization modulator. This is based on the same technology as RealD's Z screen, but claims a higher light efficiency of 19%. In addition, the system called "MI-HORIZON3D" reuses the light that was discarded by the liquid crystal polarization modulator like RealD XL, but it uses a triple beam optical system that divides the optical path into three, increasing the light efficiency to 34%. improved to support large screens. In addition, the "MI-HORIZON3D DUAL", which uses two of these units, achieves a light efficiency of 67%.
Master Image triple-beam liquid crystal polarization modulator "MI-HORIZON3D"
6-4. X6D, established as a joint venture between Kolosej, the entertainment division of KD Group, a major Slovenian financial company, and Edwards Technologies, Inc., launched the XPAND brand in 2005, and started manufacturing liquid crystal displays for the industrial sector. Acquired the technology of MacNaughton, which had provided shutter glasses "NuVision", and entered the 3D digital cinema business.
A normal white screen can be used as it is, and when installing, just attach an infrared emitter that emits a synchronous pulse with a drive frequency of 144Hz and a sink distribution module, so you can move to a screen of different size according to the state of attracting customers. We can respond quickly. However, since the electronic circuits and batteries are built into the liquid crystal shutter glasses, the early model "X101" was a little heavy at 71g, the liquid crystal transmittance was 35%, and it was lightly colored. However, in the improved X103c series released in 2012, the weight was reduced to 56g (39g for children), the liquid crystal transmittance was 37%, and the contrast was improved from 300: 1 to 700: 1. almost colorless. The latest model "X105" series is even lighter at 37g, rechargeable, has a transmittance of 38%, a contrast of 1100:1, and a maximum drive frequency of 240Hz to 320Hz.
(left) XPAND early model "X101" / (right) XPAND latest model "X105-IR-C1"
In 2013, the company launched the XPAND Passive 3D Polarization Modulator MS110C2, a passive stereo theater system. In 2014, the improved "XPAND Passive Polarization Modulator Gen2 MS210C2" was also released. Like RealD's Z screen, this uses a liquid crystal polarization modulator installed in front of the projector lens to project onto a silver screen, with a light efficiency of 16%. Audiences wear 15.4g (8.7g for children) circularly polarized glasses to view the performance. For large screens, the company also offers the Trinity 3D Superlight Polarizer, a triple-beam polarization modulator with a light efficiency of 28%.
XPAND Passive Polarization Modulator Gen2 MS210C2
In Japan, 11 theaters of "Cineplex", 24 theaters of "Shochiku Multiplex Theaters", "Shinjuku Wald 9", "Umeda Burg 7", "Yokohama Burg 13", "T Joy Soga", " Konosu Cinema", "Hiroshima Wald 11", "T Joy Park Place Oita", "Kagoshima Mitte 10", "Cinema Sunshine Heiwajima", "Cinema Sunshine Tsuchiura", "Cinema Sunshine Numazu", "Cinema Sunshine Kahoku", "Cinema Sunshine Shimonoseki", "Cinema Sunshine Kinuyama", "Cinema Sunshine Shigenobu", "Cinema Sunshine Emiful MASAKI", "Cinema Sunshine Oshu", "Cinema Sunshine Kitajima", "Dinos Cinemas Tomakomai", "Dinos Cinemas Muroran", "Midland Square Cinema", "Midland Cinema Nagoya Airport", "Cinema Leone Furukawa", "Previ Theater ISESAKI CINEMA", "Shibuya Cine Palace", "Cine Tiara 21", "Sun Mall Cinema", "Okaya Scala Theater", "Namba Parks Cinema", "OS Cinemas Mint Kobe", "OS Cinemas Kobe Harborland", "Himeji OS", "Sasebo Cinema Box Taiyo", etc.
XPAND Trinity 3D Superlight Polarizer
6-5. Dolby 3D The S3D method of Dolby Laboratories, which uses a special filter developed by Infitec, an independent company based on the technology developed for VR design of automobiles at Daimler's laboratory in Germany. The 3D glasses are coated with more than 50 layers of interference film, dividing the light source of the projector into 6 wavelength ranges: high/low R, high/low G, and high/low B, and alternately distribute them to the left and right. This makes stereoscopic vision possible. During projection, a filter wheel is placed between the DLP Cinema projector's lamphouse and the optical engine and mechanically rotated at a speed that produces a 144Hz triple flash.
In Japan, "T-Joy Oizumi", "T-Joy Niigata Bandai", "T-Joy Nagaoka", "T-Joy Kyoto", "T-Joy Higashi-Hiroshima", "T-Joy Izumo", It has been installed in "T-Joy Hakata", "T-Joy Riverwalk Kitakyushu", "Kagoshima Mitte 10" and others. It is also widely used for 3D attractions in theme parks and in preview rooms of movie distribution companies because it can be used with white screens. In the future, with the spread of Dolby Cinema, the number of installations in movie theaters may increase.
6-6.6P (6 primary colors) laser 3D Barco introduced in 2014 as a function of 4K laser light source projectors "DP4K-60L", "DP4K-45L", "DP4K-30L" and "DP4K-22L". One of the 3D methods. Unlike Dolby 3D, where a rotating filter wheel is installed between the lamp house and the optical engine, the light source is six primary color lasers, RGB and R'G'B' shifted by 20 nm from the beginning. .
Barco "DP4K-60L"
The S3D glasses use Infitec filters, but they are not compatible with Dolby 3D and are tuned to the Color3D (Barco Laser3D) method. With a brightness of up to 60,000 lumens, the DP4K-60L is as bright as a standard naked-eye 2D projection with 3D glasses on (1.8 gain over 7 foot-lamberts on a 24m wide screen; 17m wide screen 14 footlamberts or more). In addition, there is no crosstalk and no speckle noise is felt. It also features a very high contrast of 2500:1 and deep colors.
And Christie has released a laser projector "Mirage 4KLH" with similar functions since 2014, which also supports HFR up to 120Hz. In addition, the laser light source "Cinecloud Lux" provided by Cinemaccanica, an Italian projector manufacturer, is a product that can be attached to any DLP Cinema projector, and there are 9 types of models ranging from 20,000 to 60,000 lumens, dual configuration. can handle up to 115,000 lumens. It also has the function of 6P laser 3D and has a strategic partnership with XPAND.
Cinemechanica "Cinecloud Lux" ad
6-7. Nestri 3D A 3D system using liquid crystal shutter glasses developed by Nestri of South Korea. Rechargeable, no battery replacement required. The weight is as light as 47g including the battery. The liquid crystal is also almost colorless with a transmittance of 40% and a contrast of 500:1. In Japan, "Osaka Station City Cinema", "Dinos Cinemas Tomakomai", "Cinema Taiyo Obihiro", "Cinema Taiyo Hakodate", and "MOVIX Kameari" have adopted it.
Nestori 3D
A system that adds a new sensory element to a conventional 3D screening system is generally called a 4D system. In 1975, Douglas Trumbull patented the 12-passenger Cineride. Trumbull jointly developed the 6-axis hydraulically driven cabin-type motion base "Magic Motion Machine" with IEI of Canada as the first practical application. In 1985, the Toronto CN Tower attraction span "Tour of the Universe" was announced. This magic motion machine was also used in Anaheim's Disneyland attraction "Star Tours" in 1987 (* Trumbull was not touched).
In 1988, Trumbull developed the "Dynamic Motion Simulator", which combined show scan with an open motion base manufactured by Intamin of Switzerland, and marketed it all over the world. Subsequently, Trumbull designed "IMAX Simulator Ride", which combines OMNIMAX (IMAX DOME) and an open motion base, and was introduced to Universal Studios Florida in 1991, "Back to the Future: The Ride". (Back to the Future: The Ride).
In 1990, the year before "Back to the Future...", the world's first 4D system was born in Japan. It was the attraction "Dream Time Machine" installed in Sanrio Puroland in Tokyo and Harmonyland in Oita. Jointly developed by Landmark Entertainment (U.S.), Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, and Sanrio, it combines elements such as polarized 3D images from 70mm 5P twin projectors, moving seats, laser beams, stereophonic sound, and three scents. are adding. The first content released was a full CG animation titled "Into the 4th Dimension", and at this stage it can be seen that the concept of 4D was completed.
"Dynamic Motion Simulator" combining motion base with 70mm 5P 60fps show scan
In the late 80's and 90's, many 4D systems were installed in theme parks, amusement parks, large game arcades, and hotels and casinos in Las Vegas. . In particular, SimEx-Iwerks Entertainment (a company born from the merger of the former IEI and Iwerks) actively acquired rival attraction video companies and simulation ride companies to grow and establish the 4D system. However, it is also a fact that he gradually got tired of it and did not attract as much attention as he once did. However, recently, it can be said that the introduction of movie theaters has progressed as a new market, and it has entered a second epidemic.
7-1. D-BOX A system developed in 2001 by Canadian company D-BOX Technologies, which provides motion simulators in fields such as aviation, military, medical, transportation, and industry. The seat moves back and forth, up and down, left and right, and creates vibrations in conjunction with the scene.
Currently, it is operating on 300 screens worldwide, and was introduced in Japan in 2010 at "Warner Mycal Cinemas Odaka" (currently Aeon Cinema Odaka), then "Aeon Cinema Makuhari Shintoshin" and "Aeon Cinema". Kasukabe”, “Aeon Cinema Kohoku New Town”, “Aeon Cinema Wakayama”, “Aeon Cinema Nagoya Chaya”, “Aeon Cinema Kyoto Katsuragawa”, and “Aeon Cinema Okayama”.
7-2.4DX A 4D system developed in 2009 by CJ 4D PLEX, a subsidiary of the Korean CJ Group. The seat moves back and forth, up and down, left and right, and the effects of wind, rain, water spray, bubbles, strobe light, smoke, and scent (additional snow and storm) are added. Starting with South Korea, it has spread to Mexico, Russia, Brazil, Chile, Peru, Venezuela, Hungary, Poland, the Czech Republic, Japan, the United States, Hong Kong, the United Kingdom, Switzerland, etc. By the first half of 2016, it has spread to 33 countries and regions around the world. Adopted by more than 300 halls.
"4DX" ad
In Japan, it was adopted by "Nakagawa Corona World" in 2013, then "Ogura Corona World", "Fukuyama Corona World", "Odawara Corona World", "Toyokawa Corona World", "Ogaki Corona World", "Anjo Corona World", "Kanazawa Corona World", "Cinema Sunshine Heiwajima", "Cinema Sunshine Numazu", "Cinema Sunshine Emiful MASAKI", "United Cinema Toyosu", "United Cinema Sapporo", "United Cinema Maebashi", "United Cinema Kasukabe", "United Cinema Toshimaen", "United Cinema Niigata", "United Cinema Iruma", "United Cinema Canal City 13", "United Cinema Kashihara", "US Cinema Kisarazu", " US Cinema Chiba New Town", "Cineplex Mito", "Cineplex Hirakata", "Cinemax Tsukuba", "Cinemax Chiharadai", "Cinemax Parna Inashiki", "Aeon Cinema Shijonawate", "Aeon Cinema Minatomirai", etc. was done. Furthermore, in 2017, it has been decided that it will be installed in the "Higashi Ikebukuro 1-chome New Cinema Complex Project (tentative name)".
7-3. MediaMation MX4D MediaMation of the United States was established in 1991 and has been involved in simulation rides, fountains and show control systems for theme parks, hotels and museums. The 4D system for movie theaters developed by the company in 2005 is "MX4D". There are 11 types of effects that can be added, such as the seat moving back and forth, up and down, left and right, vibration, wind, mist, strobe, smoke, scent, tactile sensation of the backrest, neck, and feet.
"MX4D" ad
First of all, since 2012, it has been installed in 12 theaters (one of which was in 2016) of the Mexican box office chain "Cinemex". Next is the five theaters of "Cine Colombia" in Colombia. China's "Wanda Shadow City" (Wanda Cinemas). "City Cinemas" in Oman, "The Cinemas Curaçao" in Curacao. It has been installed in "Jinyi Guangmei" by Jinyi Cinemas, the fifth largest box office chain in China.
In Japan, it has been operating at "TOHO Cinemas Roppongi Hills", "TOHO Cinemas LaLaport Fujimi", and "TOHO Cinemas Shinjuku" since 2015. Furthermore, in conjunction with the release of "Star Wars / The Force Awakens", "TOHO Cinemas Okanan", "TOHO Cinemas Utsunomiya", "TOHO Cinemas LaLaport Funabashi", "TOHO Cinemas LaLaport Yokohama", "TOHO Cinemas Kawasaki", "TOHO Cinemas Namba" ”, and “TOHO Cinemas Nishinomiya OS” are scheduled to be introduced.
7-4. Installed in almost all seats of No.8 screen of Wimble Seat "United Cinemas Toshimaen" and No.7 screen of "United Cinemas Kishiwada". The back of the seat and the seating surface vibrate in sync with the impact sounds and sound effects of the film being screened.
7-5. 5D/6D/7D Cinema Provided by Guangzhou Longze Electronic Technology in China. Hydraulic or electric seat movement on 3 or 6 axes, wind, rain, water spray, foam, strobe light, smoke, scent, snow, flames, back and seat vibration, leg sweep (foot tickling) effects are combined. A new type called 9D VR egg Cinema, which uses HMD and rotating seats, has also been added. In addition to theaters, there are also theme park attractions and in-vehicle transportation systems.
7-6. Dymatic 5D This is also a system provided by Guangzhou Shuqee Digital Tech in China. Seat moves pneumatically, hydraulically or electrically on 3 or 6 axes, wind, rain, water spray, foam, strobe light, laser, smoke, scent, snow, flame, back and seat vibration, leg sweep effects are combined. There are many variations such as 4D, 6D, 7D, and XD depending on the system configuration.
How do you like it? In this way, I think you can see how the current movie theater technology is in fierce development competition. However, the core countries are Canada, the United States, Belgium, South Korea, etc. It is a pity that Japan's presence is weak.