Do you know that June 3 is established every year as "Survey Day"?This was enacted on June 3, 1949, as the laws related to surveying were promulgated.The Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, is held every year on this surveying day, and this year, a three -dimensional map utilizing 3D printers was exhibited.
The surveying day is June 3, but this year's event was held on Sunday, June 1st.On June 6 (Friday), a "Geographical Institute Map 3D Exhibition" was held in Otemachi, Tokyo.
■ 3D printers can make the three -dimensional map of your favorite place cheaper!
Currently, on the web version map published in the Geographical Survey Institute, you can browse a three -dimensional map that adds height data.In addition, not only can you see the browsing service of this three -dimensional map, but you can download the terrain of your favorite places throughout Japan as data for 3D printers.In addition to the "STL file" that is standard data format with a thermal melting layered 3D printer of personal use, the data in VRML format with map data as a texture can be downloaded.If you use this, you can model a model in which a map and aerial photograph are printed on a three -dimensional terrain with a plaster full -colored 3D printer.If you are difficult to imagine, remember the geographical models in the social department of junior high school, etc., which were three -dimensional in the rugged mountains.Almost the same thing as that can be easily made with a 3D printer.
In this exhibition, I was able to see various modeled samples.
The Geographical Survey Institute has verified the creation of three -dimensional maps with various materials and 3D printers of various materials such as personal thermal melting layer type, gypsum type, optical type, and paper molding, and molded samples are displayed.rice field.By the way, the thermal melting layer type is XYZ printing "Davinch 1", which is introduced several times in weekly Asky and Weekly As Plus..0] is actually purchased and used.This "Da Vinci 1.A self -made full -color three -dimensional map model with a map printed on a sticker paper on a three -dimensional map modeled on].When I asked the person in charge, the point of selecting the model of the 3D printer I purchased was the purchase cost and the ease of use.At the time of the selection, I was able to refer to the articles I wrote, and as long as I was really happy.At present, the provision of three -dimensional map data is only available in Japan, but in the future, it will be possible to create three -dimensional maps around the world in collaboration with the Geographical Surveyors in each country.
↑ 3D printer "Da Vinci 1.0 "A 1/46,000 three -dimensional map made in the center of Tsukuba City.A 13 -cm square -shaped, square -shaped terrain with a map printed on a sticker.Since the terrain is difficult to understand on the scale of the scale, the height is emphasized 10 times.The three -dimensional model in the conventional social section document room costs around 200,000 yen per piece, while this model can be made for 200-300 yen.It is an irresistible gem for geography lovers because you can feel where the height difference is on the map.
↑ Full -colored plaster 3D printer 3D system Lake Ashi made in the PROJET X60 Series.With a full -color type, a map is printed on the molded surface as it is without pasting the map.The surface is a rough texture unique to gypsum.The letters on the map tend to be slightly bleeding.
↑ Mt. Tsukuba made with a full -color 3D printer "McOR IRIS", which creates a three -dimensional layer of colored paper with inkjet.The map on the surface is clearer than plaster, as the map on the surface is printed in the same way as the inkjet printer.The material is paper but a hardened ink, so the surface is firm and shiny.
↑ Mt. Fuji made with a light -shaped 3D printer created by requesting a convex printing.The subtle terrain unique to high -precision optical structures is clearly expressed.
↑ Because it is close to the World Cup, a three -dimensional map near Brazil, which is created at the request of a TV program."Da Vinci 1.0] is made by connecting four three -dimensional maps of 13 cm square.The Andes Mountains are extremely high because they emphasize the height of 100 times.At present, the creation of three -dimensional maps is only in Japan, but it is said that preparations are being made to create a three -dimensional map of the world in collaboration with the Geographical Survey Institute in each country.
As for the surface texture, if you have a map data, not only maps and aerial photos, but also the surface of a three -dimensional model that forms a variety of data, such as a geological map of color -coded geology, and a "color -specific altitude map" that shows the height.Can be printed.Looking at Tokyo's "Volunteer Vehicles", you can realize that the area around Koto -ku has almost the same height as the sea surface, and the hills are spreading from near Chiyoda -ku.
↑ A sample with a full -color gypsum type and paper -layered output of aerial photographs of "Nishinoshima", which are still expanding the area of the island in volcanic activity.The aerial photograph alone makes it difficult to understand the undulation, but by making it a solid, you can grasp the real state and its shape in real life.
↑ Similarly, the record of Nishinoshima's expansion is "Da Vinci 1.0] made in].If more time information is added to the three -dimensional information in this way, the process of change becomes easier to understand.
↑ ↑ “Altitude diagram” is a color that shows the height in color, mainly at Tokyo Station.If you make it with a three -dimensional model, you can feel the difference in height more realistically.
↑ Geographical map of Sakurajima in Kagoshima Prefecture.You can clearly see the difference in the shape and geology of volcanoes.
■ Let's actually make a three -dimensional map by yourself
You can actually make the three -dimensional model you have seen so far.You can use a 3D printer to mold it yourself, put an image printed later, or ask a DMM or an office 24Studio, which offers a full -color 3D print service.There are various ways to enjoy it, such as creating a place where you live, collecting interesting terrain and looking at it.Next, we will introduce how to make 3D print data from the Geographical Institute map.
1 Open the Geographical Institute Map with 1 browser
↑ Displays the place you want to create with a browser (related site).
2 Right -click on the map and select "Open with Map 3D"
↑ Right -click at any location on the map and select “Open with 3D Geographical Institute Map 3D”.
3 Adjust height
↑ The map is displayed in 3D with accurate state of the real ratio.However, the terrain is difficult to understand in places where the undulation, such as urban areas, is good in the mountains.Therefore, the slide bar in the lower part of the lower part is moved to emphasize height.In the case of Tokyo, the terrain is easier to understand by 5 to 10 times.
↑ The height adjustment is flat, but if you increase it 10 times, the ups and downs of the terrain will come out firmly.In urban areas, it is easier to understand the terrain by touching this state.
4 Download 3D data
↑ After adjusting the height, press the button "3D data download" at the bottom to the download screen.You can download a full -color VRML data that can be used as a texture with a single color STL data and maps only for shape data, and webGL data for browser browsing.
5 3D data is molded and completed
↑ It can be molded by loading the downloaded 3D data into the 3D printer print software.When requesting a molding, the downloaded data can be molded without any problem by sending it to a 3D print service company.
↑ If you change the scale of the map and display 3D, you can make the Kanto and the Japanese archipelago.
↑ The geographical institute also includes aerial photograph texture, so it is displayed by checking the “latest” item from the “photo” folder on the left window.The aerial photograph is not everywhere, and is displayed from a 1 / 25,000 map of urban areas.
■ Use a three -dimensional map for disaster countermeasures
At first glance, the data on this three -dimensional map is likely to be used for the purpose of grasping the terrain and learning, but the Great East Japan Earthquake was actually the starting point.
In Onagawa -cho, Miyagi Prefecture, which was severely damaged by the tsunami due to the earthquake, a plan to emigrate to the residents to the hill is progressing.Along with that, the person in charge of the Geographical Survey Institute delivered a plan map to decide where to move, and it was difficult to tell that it was safe on the plane map and how high it was.rice field.Therefore, we decided to create something that can be used for a three -dimensional, easy -to -understand, and local disaster prevention plan.However, it took too much budget and time to make a conventional three -dimensional topographic model for each region, so it was a 3D printer that looked.If a 3D printer is used, the cost of molding is low, the time can be reduced, and there is an advantage that each local government can create a three -dimensional map by changing the range and scale as necessary.This is the data provision of this three -dimensional map.
The Geographical Survey Institute also prototypes a system for making projection mapping on a model of a modeled terrain with a projector.It is.In fact, at the exhibition, there was an exhibition that illustrates the scope of flooding in Onagawa -cho and the areas of landslide disasters in Izu Oshima.In the future, the company wants to install this model at the countermeasure headquarters in the event of a disaster, and use it as a tool to make it accurate to understand the information.However, at present, the slowness of the 3D printer molding is the bottleneck.When making this model with the current 3D printer, it takes at least 7 or 8 hours.However, it is difficult to use it as a tool if it can be molded within an hour when the disaster countermeasures headquarters stands up.It seems that the speed of the future 3D printers will be the key.In addition, the number of 3D printers with a thermal melting layer type is increasing with dual head products that can mold two colors simultaneously from only one color, but when making a three -dimensional map for such disasters, white terrain on white terrain is black and red.The person in charge said that it would be convenient to be able to plot the damaged areas.I would like to focus on one use of dual head products.
↑ A device that maps a projection on a three -dimensional map prototyped at the Geographical Survey Institute.It is a simple configuration that attaches a commercially available DLP projector to a microphone stand that allows slide shows from USB memory, but "Da Vinci 1.The map of the Geographical Survey Institute could be displayed on the three -dimensional map of Izu Oshima, which was modeled in ".The practicality seems to be quite high.
↑ Mapping the areas of sediment -related disasters generated by typhoon 26 in 2013.At a glance, you can see at a glance what terrain has occurred.
This is a projection mapping of the flood status of the Great East Japan Earthquake in Onagawa -cho, which triggered a three -dimensional map.Hazard maps are progressing in each region, but this is a three -dimensional model that makes it easier to understand.
■ Unusual objects seen at the Geographical Survey Institute in Tsukuba
On the site of the Geographical Survey Institute in Tsukuba, you can see rare things unique to the Geographical Survey Institute.In addition, there is a facility "Map and Surveying Science Museum" that explains the history and mechanisms related to maps and surveying on the premises.。
● Giant antenna receiving radio waves from space
When approaching the grounds of the Geographical Survey Institute in Tsukuba, this giant antenna is the first thing to see.This antenna is called "VLBI", which is for receiving radio waves from astronomical bodies, which are far billion light -year positions, from the Earth of Quaser.There are multiple antennas in the world, and the distance between the antenna can be measured by several slir errors due to the difference in the time when radio waves are received.In Japan, there are four locations: Shin Totsugawa in Hokkaido, Aira in Kagoshima Prefecture, and Chichijima in Kagoshima Prefecture.It is an important facility that can accurately measure where the Japanese archipelago is on earth by observing in the four places.This observation data is also used to monitor the accuracy of the following electronic reference points and detect crustal deformation, which is closely related to the mechanism of earthquakes.
● The reference point of Japan's surveying is "Tsukuba reference point" here
In addition, the mysterious tower on the premises is "Geyland Observation Tower".The height is about 45 meters, and the metal sign just below the tower is the origin of Japan's surveying, called the Tsukuba reference point.Because there is a sign called the triangular point, which is the standard for surveying throughout Japan based on this, it is accurate to make precise maps, maintain infrastructure such as railway and roads, and large buildings.Can be made.It is a place that can be said to be a foundation that supports modern Japan.There is an observation table on the top floor of the tower, and the distance observation of the surrounding triangle points is performed.
● There is also an airplane for surveying
The company has its own aircraft for aerial photographs and aircraft for magnetic measurements, and the first observation machine "Kunikaze" is on display.It was equipped with a camera for shooting and a magnetic sensor in the tail at the lower part of the B-65P of Beach Craft, and was operated until 1988.Although the cabin is not open, it was possible to see the cabin at the event on the Survey Day.
In this first "Kuni Cold", the cabin was not compacted, and he was shooting while wearing an oxygen mask at an altitude of 5000 meters.Currently, the third generation Cessna 208B "Kunikaze 3" is operating and is active in various sites.
● Aerial photography with radio control helicopter
In recent years, unmanned helicopters and unmanned aircraft have been used to shoot aerial photographs, and have been operated in places where ordinary airplanes and helicopters cannot fly.The unmanned helicopter can take pictures from a relatively low altitude, so it is possible to take pictures that are more clear and easy to make maps.It is said that the Nishinoshima aerial photographs are observing the island by launching "Kunikaz 3" and a long -lived unmanned aircraft.
● Map of Japan that understands the really accurate Japanese shape
In the Geographical Survey Institute, there is a hill called the "Japanese Archipelago Body Model" that cuts out a part of the globe.In fact, this is a truly accurate Japanese map of 1 / 200,000, taking into account the roundness of the earth.The accurate map data of Japan surveyed at the Geographical Survey Institute has the fruits on this map of this hill.
In addition, there are many interesting exhibitions in the "Map and Surveying Science Museum", so even those who are not interested in maps and terrain can realize the greatness of making maps.It takes a little time from the city center, but it is worth visiting even in one day.
■ Related Site Kodai Geographical Institute Map Map and Survey Science Museum