The era of space voyage.
In 2020, uninhabited missions, such as manned flights to the moon, Mars and unmanned flights to the sun, are likely to move.
In addition, it is likely that it will be a year to keep an eye on sample returns from asteroid Benne and Space X, led by Elon Musk, have a huge number of star link satellites.
Let's introduce each one.
50 years have passed since the Apollo Plan under Kennedy's administration first sent humanity to the moon for the first time.Glory in the United States again ...!The Trump administration, who has been pulling the slogan, is now aiming for a manned flight to the moon with the "Artemis Plan".
In addition, NASA has been notified of a clear request to carry out his duties by 2024.Despite setting a fairly bullish deadline, the members have already been doubtful.
That's because NASA requires a lot of money to succeed in the Artemis plan.The U.S. government is expected to resolve a budget for FY2021 in March 2020, but at that point, how much money the NASA could raise, and by 2024, the astronaut as planned as planned.It will be clear whether it is.
Specifically, NASA seems to have offered additional funds to the budget committee for additional funds for 25 billion US dollars, but this is only a small part, and the total amount of funds required for the Artemis plan is still clear. Not.
No matter how much the total amount is, if the US Congress cannot raise enough money to the NASA, it will be difficult to carry out an Altemis plan that was incorporated on a tight schedule in the first place by 2024.Of course, there is a good chance that the plan itself will be achieved after 2024.Both Mr. Trump and the US Congress are noticeable in the future because they are positioning manned flights to the moon as an important manned flight to Mars.
It will also be clear which private companies will receive orders for the design and construction of the lunar landing machine within 2020.Candidates include Boeing and Jeff Bezos's Blue Origin, and maybe Musk's Space X entry.
NASA is developing the lunar landing machine and astronaut to the moon, but NASA is under development, but it seems that it will not reach the test flight unless it is 2021.It can be said that it is a very progressive situation to the deadline set in 2024.
With the unfortunate death of NASA's unfortunate death, only one Curiosity was running on Mars (although the spacecraft insights are also working hard).In order to change the situation, three new Mars Rover will be launched in 2020.
The latest US Rover (name undecided), Rosalind Franklin Rover, the Exomars program jointly by Europe and Russia, and the small Rover of China.All of these three Mars spacecraft will be launched within three weeks from late July 2020 to early August.
During this period, the Earth and Mars are lined up well, and the spacecraft launched from the earth can ride the "Homan track" that can reach Mars with the smallest energy.According to the JAXA Space Information Center, the number of days to Mars in this track is about 260 days, and all three arrive on Mars in 2021.
NASA's 2020 Rover has been decided to land on a Jezero crater, and we plan to find traces of primitive creatures at the bottom of the ancient lake.The rover has a function to store the collected soil samples, and it will be possible to send a sample to the earth in cooperation with the spacecraft that comes later.In addition, the NASA Rover will also have a drone named "MARS HELICOPTER SCOUT", and it is likely that you will be able to see the surface of Mars closer than satellites.
Although the Rosalind Franklin spacecraft is also planning to search for primitive creatures on Mars, it is undecided where to land.Until Mars, Russian Kazachok landing aircraft will carry you, but at the moment there is an abnormality in the parachute function, it is concerned whether the spacecraft can land on the surface safely through the thin atmosphere of Mars.that's right.Depending on the progress, you may miss the Homan trajectory, and you may be forced to postpone 26 months until the next timing.
There is only a limited information about Chinese missions so far.According to SpaceNews, it consists of an orbiter and a rover spacecraft that go around Mars, and the Rover will be loaded with 13 equipment, including the spectroscopic light, and the total weight is 240 kg.It seems that the orbiter also has a high -quality camera.The Chinese State Elevation Bureau, a Chinese space development organization, seems to have narrowed the landing candidate to two locations near the Utopia Plain, but the IEEE SPECTRUM reports that the final decision has not yet been made.
The United Arab Emirates has been motivated to lose to the United States, Europe, Russia, and China.Next year, Space.com reports that the Mars mission named "AL-AMAL" will be launched, and that the Islamic country will be the first to challenge the interplanetary exploration mission.What is even more surprising is the H-IIA (spaceflight101.com), a pure Japanese rocket (spaceflight101.com), chosen to carry Al-AMAL to Mars.
In the first place, the United Arab Emirates launched the Space Development Organization in 2014 just a few years ago.In order to regain the dignity of Arab, which was once prosperous in the Islamic Golden Age, this Mars Mission, which has been promoted at a rapid pace, is just a 50th anniversary milestone to 2021, according to Space.com.It seems to overlap, and it seems to be quite symbolic added value.
Space X, led by Elon Musk, has ever launched a number of starlink satellites in low orbit.The number is already 120.I think so many amateurs, but this is still the beginning.
The final form as a satellite group supporting the super huge broadband network "Star Link" is a total of 42,000 aircraft!It seems that all launches will be over by the middle of the 2020s, so the Falcon Rocket is likely to be busy.
According to Space.com, Space X is planning to launch 24 times within 2020.This means that the rockets are launched twice a month, and new 1,440 new star link satellites begin to go around the earth.By the way, according to the UNOOSA (UNOOSA), the total number of satellites around the Earth in early 2019 was 4,987.The majority of them are already suspended.
It is also true that there are astronomers who are dissatisfied with Space X launching satellites.The reason is that the burning fuel illuminates the night sky like fireworks and hinders astronomical observations.In addition, it is also a problem that satellites launched in low orbitals reflect glitter and light, and Space X is considering policy to black the appearance of satellites and reduce reflection as much as possible.
In addition, the launch of the large spacecraft "StarShip", which Space X is under development within 2020, will be launched.When the starship is completed, it seems that it will be the world's most powerful launch machine in the world, and it will be able to fly not only to the earth but also to Mars.
I wonder if the NASA, Space X, and the United States are running at the forefront of space development ... Actually, the US government is now a universe to pick up astronauts in their own country.You don't have a ship.
NASA's Space Shuttle Program was discontinued in 2011.Instead, NASA is now conducting a private -led commercial crew transport development (Commercial Crew Development).Space X and Boeing, which have met the strict selection criteria, are currently developing spacecraft, and is expected to connect the earth and space within 2020.
However, unfortunately, both seem to be delayed.
Boeing had a CST-100 Starliner unmanned test flight in December 2019, but has returned without docking with a software bug.NASA was not sure, and it was hinted that a manned flight test will be conducted soon, but it is not clear whether it can be realized in 2020.
Space X, on the other hand, completed the ignition test of the crew dragon's escape engine in November 2019.Early this year, it will be conducting an emergency escape device test during the flight within a month.
By the way, which one will control this spacecraft development race?
It was the Hayabusa in Japan that landed in the world for the first time in the world other than the moon and achieved sample returns, but the US Osiris-Rex (OSIRIS-REX) is steadily promoting missions.
Since arriving at Asteroid Benne on December 3, 2018, Osiris Rex has analyzed Bennne's distorted shape from a close range and has collected data on mysterious release phenomena that occur on the surface.
And in 2020, we will finally challenge the highlights, temporary landing and surface samples.
If everything goes well, Osiris Lex will be the first sample return spacecraft to leave the name in the history of the United States.
The four candidates were finally focused on rock -free craters, Nightingale.Because Benne is a rugged asteroid full of rocks, it seems that it was a very difficult time to find an area suitable for collecting dust from the surface.
In early 2020, flying low altitude and collecting high -quality images on Benne's surface, we plan to touch down in June.After collecting a 60g sample, it will eventually return to Earth in 2023.
Our JAXA's Hayabusa No. 2 will return to Earth this year, and I'm looking forward to it again!The sample from the asteroid Ryugu is scheduled to arrive in December, and the return capsule is expected to be dropped to Australia, like the previous Hayabusa.
Starting with the launch of the moon, Chang'e (English name: Chang'e), in 2007, the Chinese State Spring Bureau (CNSA) was enthusiastic about the monthly exploration.The spacecraft, Chang'e 4, has achieved soft landing on the back of the moon for the first time in human history, and in some ways, the United States has not been able to do it.
China's goal, which aims for the moon in the latest Chang'e 5, is a sample return.
It will land on the "Arashi no Ocean" on the front of the moon, and will scoop the 2kg moon topsoil from about 2m depth.If this sample returns to the earth safely, it will be the first time for China and the Soviet Union has been a sample return since the Soviet Union returned from the moon in 1074.
According to NASA
It seems to be a complicated mechanism.Chang'e 5 has a launch in late 2020.
It seems that China is under construction of a space station named Tianhe in his country, and as soon as the Long March 5 rocket (LONG MARCH 5) is adjusted after testing, in 2021 at the latest.It seems to be completed.
China is actively entering space.I can't help but feel the tremendous pioneon spirit.
Next to the moon is the sun.
NASA's Parker Solar Prove, which was launched in 2018, has a chance to approach the sun 24 times in the next six years, and will reduce the distance from the sun every time.If you reveal the actual situation of the sun, which you could not see from the earth, one after another, you will have a hot expectation.
In 2020, it will be approached four times on January 29, June 7, July 11 and September 27.Above all, in September, it approaches 14.2 million m from the surface of the sun, and the speed reaches 129 km per second.
Eventually, it will approach about 5.9 million km from the surface of the sun, but unfortunately it will turn into a fireball when approaching that.Oh, Parker Solar Prove who keeps flying towards his death.
In relevant places, Solar Orbitters, which are developed by the European Space Organization (ESA) with the help of NASA, will be launched from the Kennedy Space Center on February 5, 2020.NASA commented that Solar Orbiter's main purpose was to "observe the atmosphere of the sun and examine the mechanism of the solar wind."
Observations are reached on the outside planet beyond the sun.
CHEOPS (read as "Ceops") developed by ESA is a small space telescope.Because it is not disturbed by the atmosphere, it is much more precise observation than the telescope on the earth.
Interestingly, CHEOPS is not focusing on the discovery of a new solar system, but will focus on already known planets and make more detailed observations.What is particularly notable is the planet with a sense of size from Earth to Neptune.It seems that not only the observation of the planet itself, but also the image when the planet crosses the main star (the sun in the solar system), it can also observe the state of the atmosphere that is clearly reflected.
Finally, about the astronomical shows you see this year.
There are some partial solar eclipse and total solar eclipse, but depending on where you live on the earth, you can see it.
It is worth noting for astronomical fans on October 31.This year's Halloween has a full moon.
You know, Halloween often draws full moon.But in reality it is rare to be a full moon.In 2020, you can see the full moon twice in October, and the second time is just a Halloween night, so it will be "Blue Moon".It's irresistible for those who like Trick or Treats.If you miss this time, you will not be able to see it until 2035.
In addition, on December 21, a conjunction of Saturn and Jupiter (the overlap with planets from the earth), which appears to be a distinct star.
That's why I don't seem to keep my eyes off this year.It is a gis mode that will deliver astronomical news in 2020, so please look forward to it.
Reference: JAXA Space Information Center, Spacenews, Spaceflight101.com, Space.com (1, 2), UNOOSA