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ドローン撮影は、無人航空機やUAV、マルチコプターなどとも呼ばれる「ドローン（Drone）」を使って、空撮をすること全般を指します。このドローン撮影に関する情報は多岐に渡り、全体像を把握するのは容易ではありません。そこでこの記事では「ドローンによる写真と動画」の撮影について、関連する知識や情報を網羅的にご紹介していきますので、これからドローン撮影に取り組まれる方は、ぜひ、すみずみまでチェックしてみてください。
「ドローン撮影」の記事を掲載している本サイト『ビバ！ドローン』は、ドローンによる空撮の受託事業を行なうドローンデパートメントが運営するウェブサイトです。この記事には数多くのドローン撮影や点検を実施してきた「現場の知識」や「プロの情報」を集約して、お届けします。
「ドローン撮影」をして、写真や動画などの「成果物（撮影データ）」を入手するためには2つの方法があります。ひとつは自分でドローンを飛ばして撮影する方法。もうひとつは専門業者にドローンの飛行と撮影を依頼する方法です。
この記事では、先に自分でやる方法に関連する情報を記載し、最後に会社、業者に依頼する際に必要な情報をまとめています。もし、ドローン撮影の依頼に関する情報だけをお探しの場合は、記事後半の「6.ドローン撮影 依頼する前にコレだけは知っておこう！」からお読みください。
ここからはドローン撮影を自分でやりたい、という方向けに基本的な情報をお届けします。資格や法律・規制、飛行場所、機体などの情報を順に記載していきますので、ドローン撮影をこれから始めるという方は一通りチェックしてみてください。なお、すでに飛行経験があり基礎知識をお持ちの方は読み飛ばして、記事中頃の「写真テクニック編」や「動画テクニック編」までお進みいただくことも可能です。
First, let's check the dictionary definition of "license".
The license is a car "driver's license" in a familiar example, which is certified by the Public Safety Commission in each prefecture.Driving a car or the like without having this is a penalty for violations of the law.
しかし、ドローンに関してはこのような認定を官公庁が直接行なうことはありませんし、「国土交通省が航空法にもとづきドローン飛行免許を発行する」ということありません。ですから、ドローン免許は存在しないのです。
You may have seen or heard the word "drone license" on the Internet or in a general conversation, but this is a "drone license" for drone private qualifications.It is just called.
上記の通り、ドローンに関する公的資格は存在しないため、「免許を持たない飛行」も違法ではありません。一方で、業界の慣例として、ドローンに関する業務を行なう場合に取得しておくことが望ましいみなされることが多い「民間資格」があります。
Operators (pilots), who have been experienced since the RC helicopter era and are good at drone flights, may not be able to obtain private qualifications, so this qualification is not necessarily proof of technology.Also, it is necessary to keep in mind that even private qualification owners are not immediately fighting if they have little flight experience.
There is a test to measure English communication skills called "TOEIC", but this is not the case that everyone with this score can "negotiate in business English".Also, some people who speak perfect English have never taken TOEIC.However, there is no doubt that the "TOEIC" score is widely known as an indicator for proof of ability when working in English.The drone qualification may be similar to this.
There are three organizations in Japan that issue private qualifications for major drones, JUIDA, DPA, and DJI Camp.These three organizations are private training organizations certified by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, but it is important to note that the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (government) is directly certified. "If you say "I have a drone license" after obtaining the qualification, it will be misleading, so it is better to express "I have a certification of XX".
I call it the "drone qualifications three families" without permission, but it may be good as a "drone qualification Shitenno", adding a "drone certification" of a classroom.
Details of qualifications related to drones are also described in this article, so be sure to check them out.
The Drone Creators Association has established a "drone shooting technician course" as a certification system that proves that you are learning skills in drone shooting as well as drone control.Since it started in 2018, it may be less well -known than other qualifications, but the certification system focusing on drone shooting is rare, so operators (pilot (pilgrimage pilot) (pilot (pilot)).The person) is a must -check.
»DPCA | Drone Creators Association
Google検索などで「ドローン免許」という単語がたくさん検索されている現状などを踏まえ、あえて「ドローン免許」というワード記載していますが、官公庁が発行するドローン免許はまだ日本には存在しないということをご認識いただければと思います。
As described above, there is no "license" for drone photography, and it is not necessary to acquire private qualifications.Therefore, if you fly in your own site or where you have the permission of the owner, anyone can fly by observing related laws and regulations such as the Aviation Law.However, there are several restrictions in this "related laws and regulations such as the Aviation Law", and it is also "complicated if you are not used to it", so let's check the details below.
First, let's check the aviation law (the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism), which plays a central role in drone flights.The regulation of the aviation law is unmanned aircraft (drone) with a flight weight of 200 grams or more.
If you want to fly a drone in the following location or method, you must apply in advance and obtain permission or approval.The most likely to be involved in drone shooting is the flight in the "densely populated area of the house", and if you want to shoot the scenery and night views such as just before the day or after sunset, you need permission to fly at night.On the other hand, property dropping is related to luggage transport and pesticide spraying, and transportation of dangerous goods is related to gasoline or gas tanks, so it does not affect general drone shooting.
From April 2, 2018, drone flight permission and approval application to the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism can now be made online.
This time, the following advantages have been introduced as the following materials announced by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism for online applications that became possible from April 2, 2018.
In addition, the contents that can be performed with the online application that became possible this time are as follows.
The top pages of the "Drone Information Professional System", which apply for flight permission online, is as follows.You can apply from here.
Image source: Online service dedicated site (drone information infrastructure system), the same applies below
The application for mail, fax, and bring in is as follows.
If you do not know if the application is Tokyo Aviation Bureau or the Osaka Aviation Bureau, please click here.
You can apply, bring, and online to each window of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism.In addition, the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism should apply for the period required for the application at least 10 days before the scheduled start date (excluding weekends and holidays).It is recommended that you start the procedure one month ago.
If you need to fly in the following areas, you need to adjust with the airport office in the corresponding area.
In the case of the above example, it is necessary to contact the airport office in jurisdiction and apply for flight to obtain permission.The area within 6 km from all airports falls under this regulation range, and in addition to Haneda, Narita, Chubu, Kansai, Kushiro, Hakodate, Sendai, Osaka International, Matsuyama, Fukuoka, Nagasaki, Kumamoto, Oita, Miyazaki, Kagoshima, Naha.It is important to note that drone flights are restricted in a wide area of 24 km, and even if there is no perception of "airport", it may be the corresponding area.
Please check the link below for contact information at each airport office.
»List of contact information of the Ministry of Operating Safety Division and airport office
The application method and procedure may vary depending on each airport, so it is recommended that you contact the airport office by phone before flight and check the procedure.
ドローンに関する規制を定める中で中心的な役割を果たす航空法においては「無人航空機の飛行等に関する罪」が定められており、この罪に該当するとされた場合は五十万円以下の罰金に処する
とされています。
In fact, there have been cases where people who have been drone flying without permission in violation of the regulations of the Aviation Law have been arrested, and are strictly punished if they do malicious actions that violate drones.It is clear.
»Suspicion of skipping drones without permission Fukuoka in the country's first arrest
In addition to the aviation law above, there are laws and rules related to drone shooting (flight), so we picked up the main contents below.
The restrictions on the use of drones are not clearly restricted by the law or have penalties, but there are also things that "do not do" or "do not do it".In the following, aeronauticals on the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism's website: "Guidelines for safe flight of unmanned aerial aircraft (drones, radio control machines, etc.)" described in the flight rules of unmanned aerive aircraft (drone / radio control machines, etc.).If you inadvertently do it, it's dangerous.
In addition, the Ministry of Defense, the National Police Agency, the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs are jointly named, and a poster will be released on February 20, 2018 to stop flying drones over the US military facilities.Please check this as well.
If you fly over a general road, it is recommended that you contact the police station in the jurisdiction in advance.In addition to getting advice on safety, it is important to communicate with the police station in the jurisdiction so that the situation can be prevented from becoming serious even if it is reported locally.
In addition, when flying drones on riverbeds, the river law, the sea in the sea, the port rules, port laws, and the parking law in the park may be involved, so we will consider flying in the corresponding area.If you are, consult with the administrator in advance.
In addition, if you shoot on the road without permission, you may be considered a privacy infringement.Be careful not to fly a drone in a way that cares for discomfort and anxiety to the people around you.
Furthermore, it may be too obvious ... but it has been alerted to avoid flying alcohol (drunk), in a strong wind, or if there is damage to the aircraft.It goes without saying that you should refrain from flying in cases in the case.
If you check the "restrictions based on the location" as described above, you may have the question, "Is it okay to fly with a doko?"The fact is that it is valuable, especially in urban areas."Viva!In the "Drone", we will post articles that will pick up places where drones can be flighted in various places in the future, so please take a look.
»List of articles about drone practice areas
It is a fact that there is a "pin to a drill" even if you go together with the aircraft for drone shooting.Here, we introduce typical aerial photography drone aircraft by price.
A camera replacement type drone, which boasts one of the highest performance in flight speed and stability.If you use the separately sold camera "Zenmuse X7" and "DL/DL-S lens set" (total of 897,800 yen including tax), it is a drone for shooting professional quality that can be used for full-scale video production.
A high -performance drone with a compact body that can be folded and has a 4K shooting function.If the size and weight of the luggage are large, such as shooting outdoors, it is an aircraft that should be checked immediately.The Mavic 2 series has two models: "Mavic 2 Pro" with a 1 -inch sensor and "Mavic 2 Zoom" with a zoom lens.
It is an aircraft that does not have a gimbal, and the camera is 80g and is not restricted by the aviation law because of its bacick specification, even up to shooting HD720P image quality.The price is reasonable compared to other drones, so it is recommended if you buy it for operation practice, which is not suitable for full -fledged drone shooting.
Although it is not as major as aerial photography, drone shooting is possible even in water.The following drones have been released as an aircraft for shooting and inspecting images like scuba diving without entering underwater.
When shooting with a drone (in the company), I first summarize the basic techniques that I need to know.This does not mean that you can take a professional image, but please refer to it as a "first entrance".
(↑) I don't want this operation.
Always operate the drone proposal (controller) slowly except in an emergency.
Why isn't the sudden operation bad?There are three reasons.
The first reason is that the behavior of the drone is too momentum and overrun (fly) to an unintended place.He says, "The car will not stop suddenly," but a drone floating in the air and has no friction with the ground is not good at stopping or changing directions than a car.
The second reason is that photos and images blur when doing aerial photography.Unless you want to make a thrilling production, there is no good thing about shaking videos, so let's avoid rapid drones to shoot smooth and stable images.
A drone equipped with a gimbal (stabilizer) will absorb the slope and shaking of the drone body considerably, but if the operation is too rapid, the gimbal moves too much and the propeller guard may be reflected in the video.This is the third reason that the drone should not be operated rapidly.
In particular, when you do aerial photography, you should operate slowly without changing the speed or turning direction even when not, is a kihon that is common to all tips for all tips.As a guide during practice, it is a good idea to control the drone with the image of moving at less than half the speed of people walking.
In addition, in order to realize such a speed of operation, it is important to "move slowly so much that the stick is tilted" and "move quickly without moving".
(↑) The first step is that you will be able to feel the height you are not conscious in your daily life.
To less than 150 meters, the upper limit of regulations under the aviation law, up to about 30 meters above the actual aerial photography, the height beyond the sense of a human being on the ground.It is necessary to develop recognition ability.
As a specific method, repeat the rise and hovering every 5 meters and check the altitude on the application screen.If you repeat this, when you think "I gave it 5 meters", the altitude display on the app also pointed to 5 meters.Finally, let's aim to "feel" the drone at the height of the app without looking at the display of the app.
(↑) It is recommended to use color corn (triangular cone) for practice to grasp the depth and distance.
Once you have a sense of height, the next thing you need is a depth feeling.
In order to grasp this feeling, prepare "color corn" and "cross mark" at 10 meters at the drone practice area, and hobberly when you judge that "it has progressed 10 meters" only visually.So, turn the camera directly below, and if there is a triangular cone or a mark in the middle of the angle of view, it is OK.If it shifts, the distance will be the difference between your depth and the actual flight distance, so try to adjust.
Not surprisingly, don't look at the application rangemeter during this practice.In addition, it is better to practice the same practice with the drone model for yourself.
At first, practice while flying at the same height as your own eyes, and if you practice at an altitude of 5 meters or 10 meters, you will intuitively feel the height and depth.If this happens, you will be able to fly freely without feeling the anxiety of "I do not know where the drone will go."
(↑) An example of a record of 8 -character flight routes in the app.
At first, practice the horizontal 8 characters, and the vertical 8 characters with more depth when you get used to it.
The flight route can be checked with apps such as "DJI Go", so let's look at it and see how beautiful the line you actually fly.No matter how well you write "8", you can see some disturbance at first, so you can see the steering angle you are not good at.If you see bulge, buds, jagged, etc., you will be a weak steering angle, so practice intensively.
In addition, there are two types of drone control methods (proposal settings), mode 1 and mode 2, but in mode 1, it is relatively easy to fly "8" by operating only the left hand.
On the other hand, in mode 2, the balance and timing of operating the left and right sticks (ladder and erlon) during turning are shifted, and it is not possible to turn beautifully.The trick to operating well is that you can make a smooth turn by entering (applied rudder) a little before entering the ladder.
(↑) Examples of nose insertions.The fact that the circle is not smooth over the lower left of the circle is due to a gap due to fine adjustment.Originally such "chocolate chocolate correction" is NG because it leads to the shaking of the image.
The nose insulator is an flight method in which the nose is turned around with the head of the subject, such as the subject and the pilot, and the central point is turned.Because it is a flight method that is frequently used in aerial videos such as music videos, there are many needs at the site of videos, and it is also a kind of technique that does not allow failure.
As a basic practice, it is recommended that you rotate while maintaining a certain distance of 5 meters or 10 meters, centered on the pilot.Also, as a trick to draw a beautiful circle, when the turning is likely to be too strong, lightly inserting the elevator (up) can prevent the nose from being overwhelmed.However, if the input of the elevator is too strong, it is important to note that the aircraft is tighter and the propeller guard is reflected in images.
(↑) If you practice with GPS, you will be able to fly indoors even in places where GPS radio waves cannot be received.
The most major DJI drone in Japan is equipped with GPS and barometric pressure sensors, and has a function to automatically stabilize the aircraft with the assistance of those.If all of these assists are turned on, the drone will continue to hover, even if you release your hand from the propo (controller).
It is true that using such assists makes it possible to fly stable flight, but it may be necessary to turn off GPS when flying indoors or during license examinations.Also, if you rely too much on assists, you may not be able to control the aircraft properly when the GPS signal is lost, so if you practice aiming for a beginner, turn off the GPS and turn on only the horizontal maintenance function.It is recommended to practice in "ATTI mode".
It should be noted that in the flight with GPS off, the behavior of the aircraft may be more unstable than usual.Take measures such as flying in places where there are no people or things around you, or practicing indoors or online.
(↑) Appearing Mavic Pro with a simulator.It is real when the sensor reacts when there is an obstacle in front of the actual machine and displays a warning (upper left of the screen, deficit).
The "DJI GO" or "DJI GO4" app has a flight simulator function.Of course, it is not possible to completely simulate outdoors, but the simplicity of practicing in the area at night and in the population area without worrying about crashes is the most attractive.Before flying with a real machine, it is a perfect way to understand the movement of the aircraft that corresponds to the operation, so if you are a beginner, please use it.
The best way to improve your drone shooting is to see a good video.At first, it is recommended to see the expressions that you want to imitate and learn from there.This section picks up and introduces the works of excellent creators in Japan and overseas, so please use it as a "drone shooting inspiration" and "aerial photography example".
A shot from a bird's -eye view that transcends a human perspective.At the moment I saw it for the first time, a "feeling that I do not know what is looking" rises, and the beauty of the landscape is soaked as the understanding catches up.It is wonderful to choose a composition that redefines the landscape by changing the viewpoint and changing the viewpoint.
Hexa media Co., Ltd. has a proven track record, such as shooting aerial photography part of a music video featuring AKB48 and Gray.The company's official YouTube channel has released a video of the factory night view in Yokkaichi City.The highlights are around 2:00 in the video, and the highlights are the highlights to the angle overlooking the factory.The camera work that rises smoothly to the altitude where the depth of the factory is felt is excellent.
A work by a business owner, a consultant, and a drone race commentary and a work by Saki Omae, who plays an active part in a multi -photography drone grapher.A huge windmill for power generation is integrated between land and the sea, and expresses the vast and depth of the land of Hokkaido.
JR Alli produces overwhelming high quality images that are just Hollywood movies.The thrilling images created by the calculated combination of dynamic camera work and speedy transitions and drone shots are truly a masterpiece.Although it is not a level where you can manage overnight, it is a must -see as an example of a personal creator can create such a video so far.The drone shot is around 01:16.
SAM KOLDER (KOLD) work with a characteristic color grading (color correction) and a rough development that matches cool music.This Iceland VLOG is a work produced with a small number of friends, but even a TV program that has poured budget is a work that attracts people who overwhelm at the overwhelming level.I feel the level of the perfect drone shots seen around 04:13 in the composition of the perfect drone shot.
A small drone without a gimbal is originally not suitable for shooting, but it is small and lightweight, so it can take tricky images indoors and other places, so it is attracting attention in the field of video production.
Even if you want to ask for a shooting with a drone, the question comes up, "Who should I ask?"Here, instead of flying a drone yourself, we summarize the information you need to ask a specialist or company.
Before drone shooting, the purpose of shooting is the purpose of shooting.Specifically, it is often taken for the following purposes, so if you match this situation, it is recommended to consider outsourcing drone shooting.
In addition to basic information such as contact information on the ordering side, it is necessary to confirm the date and time of the shooting and place in advance as an overview of the project.In addition, it may not be possible to fly (shoot) due to the effects of the weather, etc., so it is recommended that you set the shooting preliminary day for about a week.
Flying is restricted around the population intensive area and the airport called the DID area.It is often possible to fly if necessary procedures in advance, but it is recommended that the ordering party check the situation in advance to understand the situation in advance, as it will increase the effort and difficulty.
It can be confirmed from the following map whether it corresponds to the population intensive area and the airport area.
»Map of Geographical Institute (area around the population intensive area, airports, etc.)
Also, if you need an application based on the results, make sure to clarify whether the operator is going on or the ordering party will do the procedure.In addition, unauthorized flight will be a clear violation of the Aviation Law, so be sure to stop.
Even if you are dealing with a professional operator, you can hardly get output as the ordering party imagined by "leaving all".If you prepare a bullet or a content (bad picture or a beating writing) as accurately as you can, the necessary cuts in yourself will increase the possibility of obtaining the data that is close to the desired result.。
In addition to clarifying the delivery date, it is smoother to determine the format and delivery method of delivery data in advance.
If you shoot on your private land owned by a third party, you need to obtain a prior permission in principle.Unlike applications with the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, it is common for landowners to make permission to the landowner, so it is smooth to obtain a proof in advance or check the contacts.
In addition, it is desirable to take a test flight if there is a location hunting (check of the shooting location in advance) when shooting complicated shooting, or if there is a facility that may cause radio impairment (such as high -voltage electric wires).It is an item that should be checked in advance whether or not you can take time.
If you want to order drone aerial photography, we have created a "Drone aerial photo before ordering", which allows you to organize the information required for quotes and order just by filling in the necessary items.。If you fill the items in this sheet in advance, the exchange when contacting the operator or operator referral company will be smooth, so please use it!
There are multiple variations in drone shooting, and when taking photos and videos as a material to be posted on websites, etc., both inspections and surveying photography are both "shooting", but they need similar skills.For this reason, we have summarized the skills (technologies) that are the criteria for selecting a company / trader to request a drone.It is recommended that you contact the past achievements before requesting to see if you have the following skills.
In addition, except for some veteran operators (pilots), pilots who have not acquired the "private qualifications three families" introduced earlier are not recommended as an ordering client because there is no information to ensure skills.It is also important to note that you do not have insurance or do not clarify the equipment used.
In general photography, so that the cost of shooting is large in the "town of the town's common photo studio" and the "famous photographer studio", even in drone aerial photography, the operator's achievements, skills, equipment, and name recognition, etc.The price is different.Therefore, it is only a guide, but the price when requesting aerial photography is as follows.
最安値30,000円から10万円(税別)前後 ※ 人件費、機材費、交通費等別 ※ 対人・対物保険料、手配料、調査料込み
In addition, if you edit the video you shot, you need to add about 20,000 yen excluding tax, and if you need full -fledged shooting and editing such as a facility promotion video, you need to add about 150,000 yen.
In addition, the amount increases as the number of flights increases, and the cost of about 20,000 yen excluding tax is added per flight.
最安値30,000円(税別)から15万円（税別）前後 ※ 人件費、機材費、交通費等別 ※ 対人・対物保険料、手配料、調査料込み
If the number of flights increases or the restraint time is longer, it takes time to move to the shooting location, if you need specialized knowledge and skills for surveying, the price will rise.
In addition, except for circumstances such as unseasonable weather, the sudden cancellation of shooting will be charged.Cancellation fees are not 4 days before shooting, 3 days ago, 25 % of the total, 50 % 2 days ago, 75 % 1 day ago, and 100 % on the day.
In this article, we introduced information about the whole drone shooting in "when shooting by yourself" and "requesting shooting".
It's a considerable volume information, but there are a lot of laws that need to be protected to fly drones, knowledge and information to know, and manners.It is recommended that you take a drone shooting on your own or to make a request.
Follow the rules and manners and enjoy a safe and useful drone shooting!