From iOS 14.3, "Apple ProRAW" is supported in the built-in camera app. As of August 2021, although it is a function limited to the two models of iPhone 12 Pro / Pro Max, it will be possible to take pictures that maximize the performance of the iPhone camera, so it is a loss to know what characteristics it has. there is no.
In other words, it is best to leave photos that you want to keep forever, or photos that you want to keep as high quality as possible, in Apple ProRAW. Since it is disabled by default, before shooting, open the screen in the order of "Settings" → "Camera" → "Format" and turn on the "Apple ProRAW" switch. Now you can shoot with Apple ProRAW by tapping the "RAW" button at the top right of the camera app at the time of shooting.
However, Apple ProRAW is huge because it contains a lot of information. The file size is 10 to 12 times larger than HIEF/JPEG, so if you shoot casually, you'll quickly run out of storage space.